Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

What is Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and what are the predisposition factor ?
Presence of organism included genus Candida through the body called Candidiasis or Candidosis. The common places of Candida sp. presence are mouth, anorectal tract, reproductal tract and nail. So, Vulvovaginal Candidiasis mean the presence of Candida sp in the reproductal tract especially in the vulva or vagina. Particularly transmission is direct contact men to men, higher in an active sexually group.
Infection sources are gastrointestinal tract, relapsing or sexual transmission. About 20% of men who partnered with a woman relapsing infected candidiasis vaginal shows candida’s colonization in their penis, especially in a man without circumcision, in the coronal sulcus (usually asymptomatic); 4x more in man who have an infected woman couple than not.
Actually, woman have natural defense mechanism, like humoral system, fagocytosis, imunity cell mediated and particularly vaginal floral

Predisposition Factor are :
§ Pregnancy. Because during pregnancy, woman vaginal shows an increasing susceptible to infection of Candida sp. , so vaginal colonization prevalence and symptomatic vaginitis will keep increasing, especially in the third trimester of a woman pregnant. The expected, estrogen increase Candida’s adhering to the vaginal epithel and directly increasing the yeast virulency.
§ Oral Contraception raising estrogen in the blood.
§ Diabetes Mellitus makes higher colonization frequency (become a predisposition factor if under controls).
§ Antibiotics. Vulvovaginal Candidiasis symptomatic presence often occur during oral systemic antibiotics using particularly broad spectrum antibiotics like tetracycline, ampicillin and cephalosporin because the elimination of protective vaginal bacteria like lactobacillus.
§ Others are stretch clothes and nylon underwear increased perineal humidity and term.